Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 CE)
| Dynasty | Period | Key Ruler |
|---|
| Slave (Mamluk) | 1206-1290 | Qutbuddin Aibak (Qutub Minar), Razia Sultana (only woman ruler) |
| Khalji | 1290-1320 | Alauddin Khalji (market reforms) |
| Tughlaq | 1320-1414 | Muhammad bin Tughlaq (Daulatabad transfer, token currency) |
| Sayyid | 1414-1451 | Khizr Khan |
| Lodi | 1451-1526 | Ibrahim Lodi (defeated at Panipat, 1526) |
Mughal Empire (1526-1857)
| Emperor | Key Fact |
|---|
| Babur | Founder; First Battle of Panipat (1526) |
| Humayun | Lost throne to Sher Shah Suri, regained 1555 |
| Akbar | Din-i-Ilahi, abolished Jizya, Mansabdari system |
| Shah Jahan | Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Jama Masjid |
| Aurangzeb | Largest extent; reimposed Jizya (1679) |
📌 Sher Shah Suri: Introduced the Rupiya currency and Grand Trunk Road — reforms later adopted by the Mughals themselves.
Bhakti and Sufi Movements
| Saint | Stream | Key Fact |
|---|
| Kabir | Nirguna Bhakti | Hindu-Muslim syncretic dohas |
| Guru Nanak | Nirguna Bhakti | Founder of Sikhism |
| Tulsidas | Saguna Bhakti | Ramcharitmanas |
| Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti | Sufi (Chishti) | Dargah at Ajmer |
Maratha Empire
- Shivaji Maharaj — crowned Chhatrapati at Raigad (1674); Ashtapradhan council of 8 ministers.
- Peshwas — Balaji Vishwanath, Baji Rao I; real power shifted from Chhatrapati to Peshwa.
- Third Battle of Panipat (1761) — major defeat against Ahmad Shah Abdali.
Quick Revision Table
| Topic | One-Line Recall |
|---|
| First Battle of Panipat | 1526, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodi |
| Taj Mahal | Built by Shah Jahan for Mumtaz Mahal |
| Din-i-Ilahi | Akbar's elite ethical order, not a mass religion |
| Third Battle of Panipat | 1761, Marathas vs Ahmad Shah Abdali |
✅ SSC Focus: Delhi Sultanate dynasty sequence · Mughal emperor-monument matching · Bhakti-Sufi saint identification · Shivaji's Ashtapradhan council.